# Head and Neck Cancer — GCMD Library living collection

Everything in the library about head and neck cancer — built automatically from dossiers that name it.

Updated: n/a · 4 episodes · 101 cited statements

## Episodes
### Evidence & Research
- [Health Equity Collaborative in ENT w/ Dr. Alexander Chiu & Dr. Romaine Johnson | ENT Podcast Ep. 98](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230) — video · 41:23 · [machine version](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230.md)
- [Understanding Health Equity Research w/ Kevin Sykes, PhD, MPH | BackTable ENT Podcast Ep. 152](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232) — video · 1:01:22 · [machine version](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232.md)
- [Ep. 98 Health Equity Collaborative in ENT with Dr. Alexander Chiu and Dr. Romaine Johnson](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236) — podcast · 41:15 · [machine version](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236.md)

### Patient & Family Education
- [Surgeon Diana Ponsky: Wrong Labels and Winning Despite Them with Linda Kreter](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgeon-diana-ponsky-wrong-labels-and-winning-despite-them-with-linda-kreter-13266) — podcast · 34:11 · [machine version](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgeon-diana-ponsky-wrong-labels-and-winning-despite-them-with-linda-kreter-13266.md)

## Chapters
- [0:00](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=0) Introduction and definitions of health equity (Ep 1)
- [4:00](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=240) Defining equity versus equality and research landscape (Ep 1)
- [10:39](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=639) Origins and structure of the Health Equity Collaborative (Ep 1)
- [18:21](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=1101) Qualitative research methods and their value (Ep 1)
- [25:50](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=1550) Collaborative goals, funding, and society involvement (Ep 1)
- [31:41](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=1901) Personal practice changes and local action strategies (Ep 1)
- [37:04](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=2224) Maintaining idealism and closing remarks (Ep 1)
- [0:56](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=56) Introduction and Dr. Sykes's Background in Health Equity Research (Ep 2)
- [6:12](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=372) Defining Health Equity and Social Determinants of Health (Ep 2)
- [10:05](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=605) Social Determinants, Health Disparities, and Data Aggregation Pitfalls (Ep 2)
- [15:52](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=952) Recruiting Diverse Populations: Community Health Workers and Budget Realities (Ep 2)
- [21:51](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=1311) Terminology, Variables, and Study Design Considerations (Ep 2)
- [26:39](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=1599) Designing Health Equity Studies: Logistics, Power, and Instrument Validation (Ep 2)
- [31:16](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=1876) The Role of Qualitative Data in Understanding Health Disparities (Ep 2)
- [36:50](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=2210) Analyzing Qualitative Data: Transcription, Coding, and Member Checking (Ep 2)
- [42:02](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=2522) Impact on Policy and Advocacy: The Indiana Public Health Example (Ep 2)
- [48:24](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=2904) Integrating Health Equity into Medical Education (Ep 2)
- [53:17](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=3197) The GSK Health Equity Grant: Establishing a Uniform Data Set for Head and Neck Cancer Disparities (Ep 2)
- [58:43](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=3523) Resources and Closing Remarks (Ep 2)
- [0:00](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=0) Introduction and defining health equity (Ep 3)
- [3:42](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=222) Equity versus equality framework (Ep 3)
- [7:57](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=477) Current state of health equity research in otolaryngology (Ep 3)
- [11:40](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=700) Origins and structure of the Health Equity Collaborative (Ep 3)
- [18:36](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1116) Qualitative research methodology and challenges (Ep 3)
- [24:32](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1472) Long-term goals and institutional support (Ep 3)
- [30:26](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1826) Practical applications and maintaining idealism (Ep 3)
- [36:56](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=2216) Closing remarks and contact information (Ep 3)
- [0:00](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgeon-diana-ponsky-wrong-labels-and-winning-despite-them-with-linda-kreter-13266?t=0) Introduction and Dr. Ponsky's refugee background (Ep 4)
- [5:02](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgeon-diana-ponsky-wrong-labels-and-winning-despite-them-with-linda-kreter-13266?t=302) Overcoming labels and developing resilience (Ep 4)
- [10:00](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgeon-diana-ponsky-wrong-labels-and-winning-despite-them-with-linda-kreter-13266?t=600) Generational differences and the power of mindset (Ep 4)
- [18:20](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgeon-diana-ponsky-wrong-labels-and-winning-despite-them-with-linda-kreter-13266?t=1100) Pandemic responses and veteran care (Ep 4)
- [23:57](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgeon-diana-ponsky-wrong-labels-and-winning-despite-them-with-linda-kreter-13266?t=1437) Current plastic surgery practice and patient motivations (Ep 4)
- [27:41](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgeon-diana-ponsky-wrong-labels-and-winning-despite-them-with-linda-kreter-13266?t=1661) Remote work impact and emerging trends (Ep 4)
- [30:47](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgeon-diana-ponsky-wrong-labels-and-winning-despite-them-with-linda-kreter-13266?t=1847) Setting realistic expectations and conclusion (Ep 4)

## Statements
Every statement is attributed, typed, and timestamped; the link is the citation.
- Equity requires providing different levels of support based on individual circumstances to achieve optimal health, unlike equality which provides the same resources to all. — Alex Chiu (clinical) [Ep 1 · 4:45](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=285)
- Current otolaryngology literature focuses heavily on documenting disparities (e.g., Black children having more severe sleep apnea and higher revision rates) but lacks intervention studies to reduce these disparities. — Romaine Johnson (epidemiological) [Ep 1 · 9:02](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=542)
- Language barriers contribute to increased emergency room visits and phone calls after pediatric tonsillectomy when post-operative instructions are not provided in the patient's preferred language. — Romaine Johnson (clinical) [Ep 1 · 9:36](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=576)
- Implementing language-preference tracking and providing instructions in preferred languages reduced emergency room visits and phone calls after tonsillectomy at Children's Hospital Dallas. — Romaine Johnson (clinical) [Ep 1 · 9:54](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=594)
- The Health Equity Collaborative was founded in February 2022 with six initial institutions including University of Mississippi, Henry Ford, Atlanta Georgia, University of Maryland Baltimore, and University of Kansas. — Alex Chiu (clinical) [Ep 1 · 12:15](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=735)
- The collaborative now includes approximately 20 academic programs with varying degrees of involvement. — Alex Chiu (clinical) [Ep 1 · 20:24](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=1224)
- Qualitative research using structured interviews is difficult and requires discipline to identify themes across 40 participants. — Alex Chiu (opinion) [Ep 1 · 15:14](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=914)
- High-impact journals show reluctance to publish qualitative studies despite their value in understanding patient and trainee experiences. — Romaine Johnson (opinion) [Ep 1 · 14:40](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=880)
- Mixed methodology papers combining qualitative and quantitative data were developed partly as a response to editorial preferences for hard data. — Alex Chiu (opinion) [Ep 1 · 16:19](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=979)
- Community participatory research requires talking to patients to understand what they want from research and how it will impact them locally. — Alex Chiu (clinical) [Ep 1 · 18:21](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=1101)
- The American Academy of Otolaryngology received a grant from GSK to fund a core award for three years of health disparities research. — Alex Chiu (clinical) [Ep 1 · 19:40](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=1180)
- Otolaryngology has the least representation of underrepresented minorities among medical specialties. — Alex Chiu (epidemiological) [Ep 1 · 29:18](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=1758)
- Orthopedic surgery's Nth Dimension program has been more successful than otolaryngology initiatives in recruiting people of color over the past five years. — Alex Chiu (epidemiological) [Ep 1 · 26:03](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=1563)
- Patient non-compliance with medications or treatment recommendations often stems from distrust, access barriers, or inadequate explanation rather than forgetfulness or unwillingness. — Alex Chiu (clinical) [Ep 1 · 32:05](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=1925)
- Public health departments and family medicine have more developed infrastructure for equity work than otolaryngology and can provide expertise in participatory research methods. — Alex Chiu (opinion) [Ep 1 · 33:18](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=1998)
- The collaborative's initial funding strategy of paying participants for their time and providing elaborate meals was not effective. — Alex Chiu (opinion) [Ep 1 · 19:09](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=1149)
- Structured interview questions used in residency applicant selection can assess work ethic, communication skills, problem-solving ability, and resilience to adversity better than board scores and letters of recommendation. — Romaine Johnson (opinion) [Ep 1 · 17:04](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=1024)
- Sykes discloses that he is a cisgender white man and that his lived experience does not always reflect the experiences of the communities he works in, which may introduce bias into his work. — Kevin Sykes (opinion) [Ep 2 · 1:57](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=117)
- Life expectancy varies dramatically by zip code; in Sykes's current work area, mean life expectancy is 68 years in two zip codes, 76 years one zip code north, and 90 years two zip codes north. — Kevin Sykes (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 8:06](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=486)
- Life expectancy differences across zip codes are linked to socioeconomics, race, ethnicity, education levels, healthcare access, historical redlining, and segregation. — Kevin Sykes (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 8:45](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=525)
- The term 'social determinants of health' is falling out of favor because 'determinant' implies inflexibility; alternatives include 'social drivers of health' or 'social inhibitors to health.' — Kevin Sykes (opinion) [Ep 2 · 10:37](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=637)
- Health disparities are the metrics used to evaluate differences in health values; health equity refers to a consistent level of health and access to resources regardless of social determinants. — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 2 · 11:25](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=685)
- Aggregating racial categories into 'other' or 'everybody else' groups in research hinders the ability to see inequities, particularly in relatively rare cancers like head and neck cancer. — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 2 · 12:59](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=779)
- If diversity is absent from clinical trials, we cannot be confident that interventions are effective for all populations or that data are generalizable. — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 2 · 14:09](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=849)
- Large databases like the National Cancer Database or SEER may not be representative of safety-net community hospitals or areas where historically minoritized communities seek care. — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 2 · 15:17](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=917)
- Community health workers understand their populations better than researchers and can craft culturally appropriate messaging to encourage research participation. — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 2 · 16:09](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=969)
- Health equity research is more difficult and takes more time; budgets must include appropriate compensation for participants and recognize transportation barriers. — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 2 · 16:33](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=993)
- Gender categories in research have evolved from four (man, woman, trans man, trans woman) to many more, requiring inclusive options and allowing participants to contribute their own definitions. — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 2 · 22:33](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=1353)
- If a researcher does not intend to disaggregate data by race, they should not collect race data, as it may bias analysis or create confusion without adding value. — Kevin Sykes (opinion) [Ep 2 · 24:50](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=1490)
- Researchers should ask whether they are using race as a proxy for socioeconomics, racism, or oppression; if so, they should measure those constructs directly rather than race. — Kevin Sykes (opinion) [Ep 2 · 25:28](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=1528)
- Health equity research requires accepting lower statistical power to achieve realistic recruitment goals within budget and time constraints. — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 2 · 27:05](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=1625)
- Researchers must avoid sacrificing diversity of the study population in order to meet recruitment targets. — Kevin Sykes (opinion) [Ep 2 · 27:51](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=1671)
- Study materials must be available in multiple languages, appropriate for low literacy settings, and administered in private settings if questions address socially undesirable topics like drug use. — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 2 · 28:20](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=1700)
- A validated instrument may not be valid in a population different from the one in which it was validated; researchers must re-validate instruments in their target population. — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 2 · 30:22](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=1822)
- Qualitative research provides depth that quantitative surveys cannot; it allows researchers to understand the 'why' behind disparities and informs the design of quantitative studies. — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 2 · 31:30](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=1890)
- Semi-structured interviews allow questions to flow conversationally rather than in a fixed order, which is important for exploring participants' lived experiences. — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 2 · 32:23](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=1943)
- Data suggest that Black and African American individuals choose surgery less often than other populations in the context of head and neck cancer, a nuanced question requiring qualitative methods to understand. — Kevin Sykes (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 32:58](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=1978)
- The goal of qualitative research is exploration of a concept or phenomenon, not generalizability. — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 2 · 33:48](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=2028)
- Qualitative analysis involves verbatim transcription, field notes documenting emotional moments, dual independent coding, thematic saturation, and member checking to validate themes with participants. — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 2 · 35:43](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=2143)
- Research is about building relationships with participants; without proper relationships, researchers cannot be confident that participants' responses reflect their true experiences. — Kevin Sykes (opinion) [Ep 2 · 41:28](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=2488)
- Physicians are well-positioned to advocate for marginalized populations with policymakers because policymakers will listen to them. — Kevin Sykes (opinion) [Ep 2 · 43:27](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=2607)
- In Indiana, researchers used county-level life expectancy data to secure bipartisan investment in public health infrastructure by framing it in terms of economic benefit and family ties, which resonated with Republican policymakers. — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 2 · 44:22](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=2662)
- Public health funding typically surges during crises (pandemics, bioterrorism) and then evaporates, creating gaps in infrastructure; sustainable funding is needed to maintain progress. — Kevin Sykes (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 44:41](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=2681)
- Medical students today are more sensitive to health disparities than previous generations due to greater media exposure and globalized society. — Kevin Sykes (opinion) [Ep 2 · 48:45](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=2925)
- Medical education must include health equity researchers in grand rounds, add health equity components to morbidity and mortality conferences, and continuously expose trainees to disparities. — Kevin Sykes (opinion) [Ep 2 · 49:49](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=2989)
- At the University of Kansas, Dr. Carrie Francis led the addition of a social determinants of health component to M&M presentations, asking 'what are the potential contributors to this circumstance?' — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 2 · 52:44](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=3164)
- The inaugural GSK Health Equity grant aims to establish an expert consensus on a uniform data set for measuring health disparities in head and neck cancer, allowing tracking of improvements or expansions of disparities over time. — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 2 · 53:28](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=3208)
- The second aim of the GSK grant is to apply the uniform data set in a prospective multi-center observational study to predict higher stage at presentation with head and neck cancer and assess barriers to timely radiotherapy after surgery. — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 2 · 54:49](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=3289)
- The GSK grant project uses a pragmatic design to understand real-world barriers to care, not the controlled conditions of a clinical trial, in order to predict which patients face barriers to surveillance and downstream treatments. — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 2 · 55:59](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=3359)
- Community health workers should be included as key personnel with full-time equivalent roles in research teams, not just paid hourly for attendance, because they are essential to study design, recruitment, analysis, and dissemination. — Kevin Sykes (opinion) [Ep 2 · 20:29](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-13232?t=1229)
- Equity requires understanding barriers to medication compliance and surgical consent rather than assuming patients are forgetful or non-compliant. — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 3 · 0:04](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=4)
- Equality means giving everyone the same opportunities and access, while equity means providing different resources based on individual circumstances to achieve optimal health. — Alexander Chiu (opinion) [Ep 3 · 4:36](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=276)
- Current otolaryngology research focuses heavily on describing disparities (e.g., Black children have more severe sleep apnea and higher revision rates) but lacks intervention studies. — Romaine Johnson (epidemiological) [Ep 3 · 8:29](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=509)
- At Children's Hospital Dallas, language barriers contributed to increased post-tonsillectomy emergency room visits and phone calls; tracking language preference and improving communication reduced these contacts. — Romaine Johnson (clinical) [Ep 3 · 9:18](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=558)
- Data from 2012 shows African American Black patients consent less to head and neck cancer surgery and have poorer outcomes when case-controlled for tumor staging. — Alexander Chiu (epidemiological) [Ep 3 · 10:40](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=640)
- There is substantial literature describing health disparities on an individual basis but almost no literature on interventions, particularly at the community or society level. — Alexander Chiu (opinion) [Ep 3 · 11:25](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=685)
- The Health Equity Collaborative was founded in February 2022 and has grown to include approximately 20 academic programs. — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 3 · 12:07](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=727)
- Many prolific health disparities researchers work at institutions that do not serve the patient populations they study. — Alexander Chiu (opinion) [Ep 3 · 12:32](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=752)
- The collaborative's initial focus is on agreeing on data metrics and implementing them at member institutions before moving to intervention studies. — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 3 · 13:39](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=819)
- High-impact journals are reluctant to publish qualitative research studies despite their importance in understanding patient and trainee experiences. — Romaine Johnson (opinion) [Ep 3 · 14:32](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=872)
- Qualitative research using structured interviews and theme extraction is difficult and requires significant discipline and talent. — Alexander Chiu (opinion) [Ep 3 · 15:06](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=906)
- Mixed methodology papers that combine qualitative interviews with objective metrics were developed partly to satisfy editors who want hard data. — Alexander Chiu (opinion) [Ep 3 · 15:46](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=946)
- Structured interview questions used in residency applicant selection parallel qualitative research methods and can predict resident performance better than board scores or letters. — Romaine Johnson (opinion) [Ep 3 · 16:56](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1016)
- Research on families caring for children with disabilities rarely includes qualitative data from caregivers, yet understanding caregiver impact may affect child health outcomes more than prescribed medications. — Romaine Johnson (opinion) [Ep 3 · 17:50](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1070)
- Community participatory research requires talking to patients to understand what they want from research and how it will impact them locally. — Alexander Chiu (opinion) [Ep 3 · 18:17](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1097)
- The collaborative initially paid participants for their time and provided elaborate meals but found this approach was not effective for sustained engagement. — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 3 · 19:01](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1141)
- The American Academy of Otolaryngology received a grant from GSK to fund a core award for health disparities studies over the next three years. — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 3 · 19:27](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1167)
- The collaborative includes representation from various academic levels including department chairs, professors, medical students, and advanced practice providers. — Romaine Johnson (clinical) [Ep 3 · 21:33](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1293)
- The collaborative plans to hold one large annual meeting at the American Academy meeting and conduct regular Zoom calls between meetings. — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 3 · 22:11](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1331)
- Developing good SMART objectives (specific, measurable, in time) for equity work is challenging and progress can be slow, taking nine months to achieve initial concrete outcomes. — Romaine Johnson (opinion) [Ep 3 · 23:31](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1411)
- The collaborative has two main initial focuses: research and professional identity/recruitment of underrepresented minorities into otolaryngology. — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 3 · 25:42](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1542)
- Orthopedic surgery's 'Nth Dimension' program has been more successful than otolaryngology efforts at recruiting people of color over the past five years. — Alexander Chiu (epidemiological) [Ep 3 · 25:54](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1554)
- The collaborative is considering developing anti-racism curricula and equity education tailored specifically to otolaryngology for residents and medical students. — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 3 · 26:31](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1591)
- Otolaryngology has the least representation of underrepresented minorities among medical specialties. — Alexander Chiu (epidemiological) [Ep 3 · 29:10](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1750)
- Faculty demographics and community poverty rates influence how otolaryngologists prioritize equity in patient care; Kansas (low poverty) versus Tucson, Arizona (33% poverty rate) produce different clinical mindsets. — Alexander Chiu (opinion) [Ep 3 · 29:53](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1793)
- Equity work has changed clinical practice by increasing patience and understanding in consent processes, particularly when exploring reasons for medication non-compliance or surgical hesitation. — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 3 · 31:33](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1893)
- Public health departments and population health groups at academic medical centers have more developed expertise in equity research than otolaryngology and can serve as local resources. — Alexander Chiu (opinion) [Ep 3 · 33:09](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1989)
- HPV vaccine uptake in otolaryngology (relevant to laryngeal papillomas and head/neck cancer prevention) lacks rigorous interventional studies despite frequent discussion. — Alexander Chiu (opinion) [Ep 3 · 33:42](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=2022)
- Dr. Ponsky's family left Vietnam due to war, paying their way on a boat and traveling to Indonesian islands before coming to the United States with help from Catholic agencies. — Diana Ponsky (clinical) [Ep 4 · 2:26](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgeon-diana-ponsky-wrong-labels-and-winning-despite-them-with-linda-kreter-13266?t=146)
- The family settled in Allentown, Pennsylvania where Dr. Ponsky's parents worked at Dunkin' Donuts and restaurants. — Diana Ponsky (clinical) [Ep 4 · 2:51](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgeon-diana-ponsky-wrong-labels-and-winning-despite-them-with-linda-kreter-13266?t=171)
- Dr. Ponsky learned English primarily through reading after-school stories and Nancy Drew novels. — Diana Ponsky (clinical) [Ep 4 · 3:19](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgeon-diana-ponsky-wrong-labels-and-winning-despite-them-with-linda-kreter-13266?t=199)
- Dr. Ponsky initially wanted to do pediatrics in medical school but eventually chose plastic surgery after working two years at the VA. — Diana Ponsky (clinical) [Ep 4 · 3:43](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgeon-diana-ponsky-wrong-labels-and-winning-despite-them-with-linda-kreter-13266?t=223)
- At the VA, Dr. Ponsky treated veterans for head and neck cancer and broken noses, which led her to fall in love with the field of plastic surgery. — Diana Ponsky (clinical) [Ep 4 · 4:07](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgeon-diana-ponsky-wrong-labels-and-winning-despite-them-with-linda-kreter-13266?t=247)
- Thinking you can change things is more positive and actionable than adopting a victim mentality where you have no ability to affect outcomes. — Diana Ponsky (opinion) [Ep 4 · 6:34](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgeon-diana-ponsky-wrong-labels-and-winning-despite-them-with-linda-kreter-13266?t=394)
- Labels can become self-fulfilling: once you call a child shy, they think they're going to be shy forever. — Diana Ponsky (opinion) [Ep 4 · 8:12](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgeon-diana-ponsky-wrong-labels-and-winning-despite-them-with-linda-kreter-13266?t=492)
- The current generation is much more proactive about experiences and more accepting of differences in people. — Diana Ponsky (opinion) [Ep 4 · 12:04](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgeon-diana-ponsky-wrong-labels-and-winning-despite-them-with-linda-kreter-13266?t=724)
- Gender differences are more easily accepted now, and mixed-race children don't see color the way previous generations did in grade school. — Diana Ponsky (opinion) [Ep 4 · 13:09](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgeon-diana-ponsky-wrong-labels-and-winning-despite-them-with-linda-kreter-13266?t=789)
- Increased exposure through travel and awareness of global differences has made diversity more the norm. — Diana Ponsky (opinion) [Ep 4 · 13:36](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgeon-diana-ponsky-wrong-labels-and-winning-despite-them-with-linda-kreter-13266?t=816)
- The younger generation will look at something and if it says no, they won't even try, rather than asking and attempting. — Diana Ponsky (opinion) [Ep 4 · 15:17](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgeon-diana-ponsky-wrong-labels-and-winning-despite-them-with-linda-kreter-13266?t=917)
- Domestic abuse victims have similar psychological needs as war veterans, not wanting to be reminded of periods when they were suffering, though the scale is different. — Diana Ponsky (clinical) [Ep 4 · 21:31](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgeon-diana-ponsky-wrong-labels-and-winning-despite-them-with-linda-kreter-13266?t=1291)
- Invisible injuries like concussive injuries and PTSD are often more impactful than visible injuries but don't show unless you specifically look for or question about them. — Diana Ponsky (clinical) [Ep 4 · 23:25](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgeon-diana-ponsky-wrong-labels-and-winning-despite-them-with-linda-kreter-13266?t=1405)
- Some patients seek plastic surgery to satisfy self-esteem or confidence issues, looking for perfection which is often unachievable. — Diana Ponsky (clinical) [Ep 4 · 24:58](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgeon-diana-ponsky-wrong-labels-and-winning-despite-them-with-linda-kreter-13266?t=1498)
- Patients seeking to restore their outside to match how they feel inside (because people are feeling healthier and living longer) have more achievable goals. — Diana Ponsky (clinical) [Ep 4 · 25:34](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgeon-diana-ponsky-wrong-labels-and-winning-despite-them-with-linda-kreter-13266?t=1534)
- Patients who feel something is incongruent with their faces (like the nose) and have real reasons for it also have achievable goals. — Diana Ponsky (clinical) [Ep 4 · 25:50](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgeon-diana-ponsky-wrong-labels-and-winning-despite-them-with-linda-kreter-13266?t=1550)
- Dr. Ponsky is not equipped to treat invisible motivations like perfection-seeking that would make patients into different people than what they are. — Diana Ponsky (opinion) [Ep 4 · 26:17](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgeon-diana-ponsky-wrong-labels-and-winning-despite-them-with-linda-kreter-13266?t=1577)
- People see filtered images on social media and seek perfection portrayed by influencers, half of which are not real or truthful. — Diana Ponsky (opinion) [Ep 4 · 26:31](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgeon-diana-ponsky-wrong-labels-and-winning-despite-them-with-linda-kreter-13266?t=1591)
- Remote work has increased demand for plastic surgery because people want their in-person appearance to match the filtered images they portray online. — Diana Ponsky (clinical) [Ep 4 · 27:06](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgeon-diana-ponsky-wrong-labels-and-winning-despite-them-with-linda-kreter-13266?t=1626)
- Patients are seeking procedures earlier for two main reasons: increased awareness of skincare due to social media among millennials and teens spreading to whole households, and rapid aging effects from Ozempic weight loss. — Diana Ponsky (clinical) [Ep 4 · 29:02](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgeon-diana-ponsky-wrong-labels-and-winning-despite-them-with-linda-kreter-13266?t=1742)
- Ozempic has brought rapid facial aging to the forefront; as people lose weight rapidly, they see it most in their faces, becoming more gaunt and hollow looking. — Diana Ponsky (clinical) [Ep 4 · 29:38](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgeon-diana-ponsky-wrong-labels-and-winning-despite-them-with-linda-kreter-13266?t=1778)
- The stigma around cosmetic procedures is fading as society accepts that people do things to better themselves, including losing weight and dressing better. — Diana Ponsky (opinion) [Ep 4 · 30:21](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgeon-diana-ponsky-wrong-labels-and-winning-despite-them-with-linda-kreter-13266?t=1821)
- Surgical results depend on what patients are made of—their existing bone structure, cartilage, and skin type—not on custom design like a car. — Diana Ponsky (clinical) [Ep 4 · 31:52](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgeon-diana-ponsky-wrong-labels-and-winning-despite-them-with-linda-kreter-13266?t=1912)

## Host summaries
Recaps by a host of what the experts said — not the host's own clinical position.
- African American black patients consent less to surgery for head and neck cancer and have poorer outcomes when case-controlled for tumor staging, based on data published in 2012. — Alex Chiu summarizes what Dr. Romaine Johnson said [Ep 1 · 10:48](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=648)
- Caregiver research for medically complex conditions is woefully understudied despite its potential impact on patient outcomes. — Gopi Shaw summarizing the discussion [Ep 1 · 7:59](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=479)
- Research shows that individuals who achieve elite status tend to become more interested in maintaining that status over time rather than maintaining their original idealistic goals. — Romaine Johnson summarizes what Dr. Alex Chiu said [Ep 1 · 37:15](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=2235)
- The American Board of Otolaryngology is interested in questions of professionalism, judgment, and justice as part of continuing certification beyond traditional exam formats. — Romaine Johnson summarizes what Dr. Alexander Chiu said [Ep 3 · 27:43](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1663)
- Research on elite achievers shows they become more interested in maintaining elite status over time rather than maintaining initial idealistic goals. — Romaine Johnson summarizes what Dr. Alexander Chiu said [Ep 3 · 37:07](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=2227)
- Law school students who were idealistic and rose to the top of their class became more interested in being elite over time rather than maintaining their original values. — Romaine Johnson summarizes what Dr. Alexander Chiu said [Ep 3 · 37:22](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=2242)
- Studies and books have documented that restoring normalcy through reconstructive surgery helps veterans' self-esteem by letting them forget the afflictions of war. — Diana Ponsky summarizing a resource [Ep 4 · 21:00](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgeon-diana-ponsky-wrong-labels-and-winning-despite-them-with-linda-kreter-13266?t=1260)

---
Educational content from recorded physician discussions — not medical advice. Cite the canonical URL or the ?t= deep link. Policy: https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/ai