# Pediatric Surgery Essentials — GCMD Library living collection

Updated: n/a · 19 episodes · 28 cited statements

## Episodes
### Gastrointestinal Conditions
- [Update Course Rewind: Magnet Therapy for Esophageal Atresia](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/update-course-rewind-magnet-therapy-for-esophageal-atresia-4763) — podcast · 10:25 · [machine version](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/update-course-rewind-magnet-therapy-for-esophageal-atresia-4763.md)
- [Internal traction as an effective bridge to successful anastomosis in complex esophageal atresia](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/article/internal-traction-as-an-effective-bridge-to-successful-anastomosis-in-complex-es-10820) — article · [machine version](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/article/internal-traction-as-an-effective-bridge-to-successful-anastomosis-in-complex-es-10820.md)
- [Thoracoscopic Mobilization and Intraoperative Internal Traction—A Novel Approach for Treatment of Long-gap Type C Esophageal Atresia with Distal Carinal Fistula](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/article/thoracoscopic-mobilization-and-intraoperative-internal-traction-a-novel-approach-11896) — article · [machine version](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/article/thoracoscopic-mobilization-and-intraoperative-internal-traction-a-novel-approach-11896.md)
- [Can Complex Surgical Interventions Be Standardized? Reaching International Consensus on Posterior Sagittal Anorectoplasty Using a Modified-Delphi Method](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/article/can-complex-surgical-interventions-be-standardized-reaching-international-consen-3507) — article · [machine version](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/article/can-complex-surgical-interventions-be-standardized-reaching-international-consen-3507.md)
- [Translation and validation of the Hirschsprung and anorectal malformation quality of life (HAQL) questionnaire in a Danish Hirschsprung population](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/article/translation-and-validation-of-the-hirschsprung-and-anorectal-malformation-qualit-7979) — article · [machine version](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/article/translation-and-validation-of-the-hirschsprung-and-anorectal-malformation-qualit-7979.md)
- [Rethinking Fistula Preservation in Anorectal Malformation Surgery: A Histopathological Perspective](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/article/rethinking-fistula-preservation-in-anorectal-malformation-surgery-a-histopatholo-9139) — article · [machine version](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/article/rethinking-fistula-preservation-in-anorectal-malformation-surgery-a-histopatholo-9139.md)
- [Are we performing ultrasound measurements of the wall thickness in hypertrophic pyloric stenosis studies the same way?](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/article/are-we-performing-ultrasound-measurements-of-the-wall-thickness-in-hypertrophic-1941) — article · [machine version](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/article/are-we-performing-ultrasound-measurements-of-the-wall-thickness-in-hypertrophic-1941.md)
- [Thickening of the Internal Anal Sphincter: Primary Cause or Secondary Effect of Constipation](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/article/thickening-of-the-internal-anal-sphincter-primary-cause-or-secondary-effect-of-c-8341) — article · [machine version](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/article/thickening-of-the-internal-anal-sphincter-primary-cause-or-secondary-effect-of-c-8341.md)
- [The “cut and push” method of removing percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube is not safe in paediatric patients](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/article/the-cut-and-push-method-of-removing-percutaneous-endoscopic-gastrostomy-tube-is-7702) — article · [machine version](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/article/the-cut-and-push-method-of-removing-percutaneous-endoscopic-gastrostomy-tube-is-7702.md)

### Hernia Repair
- [A Single Institution Experience with Laparoscopic Hernia Repair in 791 Children](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/article/a-single-institution-experience-with-laparoscopic-hernia-repair-in-791-children-3711) — article · [machine version](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/article/a-single-institution-experience-with-laparoscopic-hernia-repair-in-791-children-3711.md)

### Oncologic Surgery
- [A Novel Standard for Systematic Reporting of Neuroblastoma Surgery: The International Neuroblastoma Surgical Report Form (INSRF): A Joint Initiative by the Pediatric Oncological Cooperative Groups SIOPEN∗, COG∗∗, and GPOH∗∗∗](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/article/a-novel-standard-for-systematic-reporting-of-neuroblastoma-surgery-the-internati-3094) — article · [machine version](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/article/a-novel-standard-for-systematic-reporting-of-neuroblastoma-surgery-the-internati-3094.md)
- [The International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) staging system: an INRG Task Force report](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/the-international-neuroblastoma-risk-group-staging-system-an-inrg-task-force-rep-11727) — video · 0:59 · [machine version](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/the-international-neuroblastoma-risk-group-staging-system-an-inrg-task-force-rep-11727.md)
- [The SIOP-Renal Tumour Study Group consensus statement on flank target volume delineation for highly conformal radiotherapy](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/article/the-siop-renal-tumour-study-group-consensus-statement-on-flank-target-volume-del-3571) — article · [machine version](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/article/the-siop-renal-tumour-study-group-consensus-statement-on-flank-target-volume-del-3571.md)
- [Bilateral Wilms’ Tumour: An International Comparison of Treatments and Outcomes](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/article/bilateral-wilms-tumour-an-international-comparison-of-treatments-and-outcomes-3609) — article · [machine version](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/article/bilateral-wilms-tumour-an-international-comparison-of-treatments-and-outcomes-3609.md)

### Vascular Access
- [Totally implantable venous access ports: A prospective randomized study comparing subclavian and internal jugular vein punctures in children](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/article/totally-implantable-venous-access-ports-a-prospective-randomized-study-comparing-2609) — article · [machine version](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/article/totally-implantable-venous-access-ports-a-prospective-randomized-study-comparing-2609.md)
- [The Use of the Internal Mammary Vein for Central Venous Access](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/article/the-use-of-the-internal-mammary-vein-for-central-venous-access-3409) — article · [machine version](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/article/the-use-of-the-internal-mammary-vein-for-central-venous-access-3409.md)
- [Open CVP Catheter Insertion Internal jugular vein Cutdown By Dr. Tamer Ashraf...](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/open-cvp-catheter-insertion-internal-jugular-vein-cutdown-by-dr-tamer-ashraf-4315) — video · [machine version](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/open-cvp-catheter-insertion-internal-jugular-vein-cutdown-by-dr-tamer-ashraf-4315.md)

### Critical Care & Perioperative Management
- [International Consensus Criteria for Pediatric Sepsis and Septic Shock](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/infographic/international-consensus-criteria-for-pediatric-sepsis-and-septic-shock-8106) — article · [machine version](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/infographic/international-consensus-criteria-for-pediatric-sepsis-and-septic-shock-8106.md)
- [International Consensus Criteria for Pediatric Sepsis and Septic Shock](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/international-consensus-criteria-for-pediatric-sepsis-and-septic-shock-8110) — video · 1:21 · [machine version](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/international-consensus-criteria-for-pediatric-sepsis-and-septic-shock-8110.md)

## Chapters
- [0:00](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/update-course-rewind-magnet-therapy-for-esophageal-atresia-4763?t=0) Case presentation and traditional surgical approaches (Ep 1)
- [2:20](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/update-course-rewind-magnet-therapy-for-esophageal-atresia-4763?t=140) Flourish device mechanism and eligibility criteria (Ep 1)
- [4:44](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/update-course-rewind-magnet-therapy-for-esophageal-atresia-4763?t=284) Cautionary case with complications (Ep 1)
- [7:36](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/update-course-rewind-magnet-therapy-for-esophageal-atresia-4763?t=456) Clinical guidance and appropriate patient selection (Ep 1)
- [0:00](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/the-international-neuroblastoma-risk-group-staging-system-an-inrg-task-force-rep-11727?t=0) Image-Defined Risk Factors in Neuroblastoma (Ep 12)

## Statements
Every statement is attributed, typed, and timestamped; the link is the citation.
- IDRFs are necessary knowledge for clinicians treating neuroblastoma to determine safety of surgical intervention — Sophia Schermerhorn (clinical) [Ep 12 · 0:00](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/the-international-neuroblastoma-risk-group-staging-system-an-inrg-task-force-rep-11727?t=0)
- IDRFs are imaging findings on CT or MRI that predict when neuroblastoma may be difficult or dangerous to remove surgically — Sophia Schermerhorn (clinical) [Ep 12 · 0:14](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/the-international-neuroblastoma-risk-group-staging-system-an-inrg-task-force-rep-11727?t=14)
- The IDRF concept was first introduced in 2009 by the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group — Sophia Schermerhorn (guideline) [Ep 12 · 0:21](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/the-international-neuroblastoma-risk-group-staging-system-an-inrg-task-force-rep-11727?t=21)
- The International Neuroblastoma Risk Group defined 20 specific imaging risk factors — Sophia Schermerhorn (guideline) [Ep 12 · 0:21](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/the-international-neuroblastoma-risk-group-staging-system-an-inrg-task-force-rep-11727?t=21)
- Most IDRFs relate to how the tumor interacts with critical anatomy — Sophia Schermerhorn (clinical) [Ep 12 · 0:29](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/the-international-neuroblastoma-risk-group-staging-system-an-inrg-task-force-rep-11727?t=29)
- In the abdomen, a tumor that infiltrates the portahepati or hepatoduodenal ligament is considered to contain an IDRF — Sophia Schermerhorn (clinical) [Ep 12 · 0:34](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/the-international-neuroblastoma-risk-group-staging-system-an-inrg-task-force-rep-11727?t=34)
- The presence of an IDRF does not mean a tumor cannot be resected — Sophia Schermerhorn (clinical) [Ep 12 · 0:41](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/the-international-neuroblastoma-risk-group-staging-system-an-inrg-task-force-rep-11727?t=41)
- IDRF presence signals that surgery may be technically more complex — Sophia Schermerhorn (clinical) [Ep 12 · 0:41](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/the-international-neuroblastoma-risk-group-staging-system-an-inrg-task-force-rep-11727?t=41)
- Patients with IDRFs often receive neoadjuvant therapy first to try to shrink the tumor — Sophia Schermerhorn (clinical) [Ep 12 · 0:41](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/the-international-neuroblastoma-risk-group-staging-system-an-inrg-task-force-rep-11727?t=41)
- Surgeons use IDRFs to predict surgical risk and guide the safest treatment approach using imaging — Sophia Schermerhorn (clinical) [Ep 12 · 0:52](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/the-international-neuroblastoma-risk-group-staging-system-an-inrg-task-force-rep-11727?t=52)
- The Flourish device is an FDA approved commercially available catheter-based magnet system for esophageal atresia. — Bethany Slater (clinical) [Ep 1 · 1:54](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/update-course-rewind-magnet-therapy-for-esophageal-atresia-4763?t=114)
- Magnets placed in the proximal and distal ends of the esophagus attract one another and cause the esophagus to lengthen, then compression anastomosis happens as a result of ischemia in the tissue at the two ends. — Bethany Slater (clinical) [Ep 1 · 2:22](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/update-course-rewind-magnet-therapy-for-esophageal-atresia-4763?t=142)
- The Flourish device has both oesophageal and gastric catheters with inner bullet-shaped magnets on each end that taper down to a 10 French pumling surface. — Bethany Slater (clinical) [Ep 1 · 2:41](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/update-course-rewind-magnet-therapy-for-esophageal-atresia-4763?t=161)
- The proximal catheter has a suction port that can be used to suction saliva from the patient while being used. — Bethany Slater (clinical) [Ep 1 · 2:41](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/update-course-rewind-magnet-therapy-for-esophageal-atresia-4763?t=161)
- For magnet therapy eligibility, there needs to be a gap length of less than 4 centimeters because at lengths greater than that the magnets will not attract one another. — Bethany Slater (clinical) [Ep 1 · 3:11](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/update-course-rewind-magnet-therapy-for-esophageal-atresia-4763?t=191)
- There should be no fistula for magnet therapy, or if there is a fistula it must be repaired first. — Bethany Slater (clinical) [Ep 1 · 3:11](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/update-course-rewind-magnet-therapy-for-esophageal-atresia-4763?t=191)
- Patients require a gastrostomy that can accommodate an 18 French catheter because that is the diameter of the gastric portion of the catheter. — Bethany Slater (clinical) [Ep 1 · 3:11](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/update-course-rewind-magnet-therapy-for-esophageal-atresia-4763?t=191)
- Magnet therapy is not to replace esophageal atresia repair, it is another tool in the armamentarium particularly for patients who have cardiac disease or have had previous operations that might make them less of a candidate for reoperative surgery or at increased anesthetic risk. (opinion) [Ep 1 · 3:39](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/update-course-rewind-magnet-therapy-for-esophageal-atresia-4763?t=219)
- In the presented case, after magnet placement the patient had an acute decompensation 4 days later and was transferred to another institution. — Steven Rothenberg (clinical) [Ep 1 · 4:59](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/update-course-rewind-magnet-therapy-for-esophageal-atresia-4763?t=299)
- The case revealed an upper pouch fistula which had not previously been diagnosed, and when scoped it was determined to be a true upper pouch fistula rather than traumatic. — Steven Rothenberg (clinical) [Ep 1 · 4:59](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/update-course-rewind-magnet-therapy-for-esophageal-atresia-4763?t=299)
- Dr. Rothenberg ligates all upper pouch fistulas and H-type fistulas thoracoscopically because the view is excellent and provides good control. — Steven Rothenberg (opinion) [Ep 1 · 6:06](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/update-course-rewind-magnet-therapy-for-esophageal-atresia-4763?t=366)
- In the complication case, after fistula repair the surgeon was able to mobilize the two ends together and achieve primary anastomosis. — Steven Rothenberg (clinical) [Ep 1 · 6:06](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/update-course-rewind-magnet-therapy-for-esophageal-atresia-4763?t=366)
- The patient developed a stricture post-operatively which is being dilated about once a month. — Steven Rothenberg (clinical) [Ep 1 · 6:44](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/update-course-rewind-magnet-therapy-for-esophageal-atresia-4763?t=404)
- By classification of the International esophageal atresia Group, a gap must be at least 4 centimeters to be considered a long gap. — Steven Rothenberg (guideline) [Ep 1 · 6:54](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/update-course-rewind-magnet-therapy-for-esophageal-atresia-4763?t=414)
- The indications for the magnet require a gap of less than 4 centimeters, and there is an incredibly high stricture rate with multiple strictures. — Steven Rothenberg (clinical) [Ep 1 · 6:54](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/update-course-rewind-magnet-therapy-for-esophageal-atresia-4763?t=414)
- A patient with less than a 4 centimeter gap should be amenable to a primary anastomosis. — Steven Rothenberg (opinion) [Ep 1 · 6:54](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/update-course-rewind-magnet-therapy-for-esophageal-atresia-4763?t=414)
- Magnets have been used sometimes for a staged repair rather than using internal traction sutures. — Bethany Slater (clinical) [Ep 1 · 7:51](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/update-course-rewind-magnet-therapy-for-esophageal-atresia-4763?t=471)
- There is a possibility of trying to get the two ends together closer surgically and then using a magnet just for the anastomosis portion. — Bethany Slater (clinical) [Ep 1 · 7:51](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/update-course-rewind-magnet-therapy-for-esophageal-atresia-4763?t=471)

## Host summaries
Recaps by a host of what the experts said — not the host's own clinical position.
- One of the contraindications for using the flourish device is the presence of a fistula. — Steven Rothenberg summarizing the discussion [Ep 1 · 4:59](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/update-course-rewind-magnet-therapy-for-esophageal-atresia-4763?t=299)
- Just because you have experience with esophageal atresia doesn't mean you have experience with using the magnets. — Em Gootee summarizing the discussion [Ep 1 · 8:08](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/update-course-rewind-magnet-therapy-for-esophageal-atresia-4763?t=488)

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