# Sleep Apnea — GCMD Library living collection Everything in the library about sleep apnea — built automatically from dossiers that name it. Updated: n/a · 3 episodes · 57 cited statements ## Episodes ### Evidence & Research - [Manish Raiji, MD - 2024 Pediatric Bariatric Surgery Update Course](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/manish-raiji-md-2024-pediatric-bariatric-surgery-update-course-7965) — video · 15:17 · [machine version](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/manish-raiji-md-2024-pediatric-bariatric-surgery-update-course-7965.md) - [Health Equity Collaborative in ENT w/ Dr. Alexander Chiu & Dr. Romaine Johnson | ENT Podcast Ep. 98](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230) — video · 41:23 · [machine version](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230.md) - [Ep. 98 Health Equity Collaborative in ENT with Dr. Alexander Chiu and Dr. Romaine Johnson](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236) — podcast · 41:15 · [machine version](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236.md) ## Chapters - [0:00](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/manish-raiji-md-2024-pediatric-bariatric-surgery-update-course-7965?t=0) Introduction of Dr. Manish Raiji (Ep 1) - [0:36](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/manish-raiji-md-2024-pediatric-bariatric-surgery-update-course-7965?t=36) Ethical frameworks for pediatric bariatric surgery (Ep 1) - [10:25](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/manish-raiji-md-2024-pediatric-bariatric-surgery-update-course-7965?t=625) Discussion of ethical challenges and barriers (Ep 1) - [0:00](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=0) Introduction and definitions of health equity (Ep 2) - [4:00](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=240) Defining equity versus equality and research landscape (Ep 2) - [10:39](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=639) Origins and structure of the Health Equity Collaborative (Ep 2) - [18:21](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=1101) Qualitative research methods and their value (Ep 2) - [25:50](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=1550) Collaborative goals, funding, and society involvement (Ep 2) - [31:41](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=1901) Personal practice changes and local action strategies (Ep 2) - [37:04](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=2224) Maintaining idealism and closing remarks (Ep 2) - [0:00](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=0) Introduction and defining health equity (Ep 3) - [3:42](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=222) Equity versus equality framework (Ep 3) - [7:57](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=477) Current state of health equity research in otolaryngology (Ep 3) - [11:40](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=700) Origins and structure of the Health Equity Collaborative (Ep 3) - [18:36](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1116) Qualitative research methodology and challenges (Ep 3) - [24:32](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1472) Long-term goals and institutional support (Ep 3) - [30:26](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1826) Practical applications and maintaining idealism (Ep 3) - [36:56](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=2216) Closing remarks and contact information (Ep 3) ## Statements Every statement is attributed, typed, and timestamped; the link is the citation. - Equity requires providing different levels of support based on individual circumstances to achieve optimal health, unlike equality which provides the same resources to all. — Alex Chiu (clinical) [Ep 2 · 4:45](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=285) - Current otolaryngology literature focuses heavily on documenting disparities (e.g., Black children having more severe sleep apnea and higher revision rates) but lacks intervention studies to reduce these disparities. — Romaine Johnson (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 9:02](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=542) - Language barriers contribute to increased emergency room visits and phone calls after pediatric tonsillectomy when post-operative instructions are not provided in the patient's preferred language. — Romaine Johnson (clinical) [Ep 2 · 9:36](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=576) - Implementing language-preference tracking and providing instructions in preferred languages reduced emergency room visits and phone calls after tonsillectomy at Children's Hospital Dallas. — Romaine Johnson (clinical) [Ep 2 · 9:54](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=594) - The Health Equity Collaborative was founded in February 2022 with six initial institutions including University of Mississippi, Henry Ford, Atlanta Georgia, University of Maryland Baltimore, and University of Kansas. — Alex Chiu (clinical) [Ep 2 · 12:15](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=735) - The collaborative now includes approximately 20 academic programs with varying degrees of involvement. — Alex Chiu (clinical) [Ep 2 · 20:24](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=1224) - Qualitative research using structured interviews is difficult and requires discipline to identify themes across 40 participants. — Alex Chiu (opinion) [Ep 2 · 15:14](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=914) - High-impact journals show reluctance to publish qualitative studies despite their value in understanding patient and trainee experiences. — Romaine Johnson (opinion) [Ep 2 · 14:40](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=880) - Mixed methodology papers combining qualitative and quantitative data were developed partly as a response to editorial preferences for hard data. — Alex Chiu (opinion) [Ep 2 · 16:19](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=979) - Community participatory research requires talking to patients to understand what they want from research and how it will impact them locally. — Alex Chiu (clinical) [Ep 2 · 18:21](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=1101) - The American Academy of Otolaryngology received a grant from GSK to fund a core award for three years of health disparities research. — Alex Chiu (clinical) [Ep 2 · 19:40](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=1180) - Otolaryngology has the least representation of underrepresented minorities among medical specialties. — Alex Chiu (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 29:18](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=1758) - Orthopedic surgery's Nth Dimension program has been more successful than otolaryngology initiatives in recruiting people of color over the past five years. — Alex Chiu (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 26:03](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=1563) - Patient non-compliance with medications or treatment recommendations often stems from distrust, access barriers, or inadequate explanation rather than forgetfulness or unwillingness. — Alex Chiu (clinical) [Ep 2 · 32:05](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=1925) - Public health departments and family medicine have more developed infrastructure for equity work than otolaryngology and can provide expertise in participatory research methods. — Alex Chiu (opinion) [Ep 2 · 33:18](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=1998) - The collaborative's initial funding strategy of paying participants for their time and providing elaborate meals was not effective. — Alex Chiu (opinion) [Ep 2 · 19:09](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=1149) - Structured interview questions used in residency applicant selection can assess work ethic, communication skills, problem-solving ability, and resilience to adversity better than board scores and letters of recommendation. — Romaine Johnson (opinion) [Ep 2 · 17:04](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=1024) - Children on Medicare and Medicaid are up to 2 times more likely to suffer from obesity, but comprise just over a third of patients obtaining bariatric services. — Manish Raiji (epidemiological) [Ep 1 · 9:00](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/manish-raiji-md-2024-pediatric-bariatric-surgery-update-course-7965?t=540) - There is a large mismatch between the number of bariatric centers per state versus the prevalence of obesity in those states. — Manish Raiji (epidemiological) [Ep 1 · 9:20](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/manish-raiji-md-2024-pediatric-bariatric-surgery-update-course-7965?t=560) - Children as young as 7 or 8 years of age require assent, especially for invasive procedures. — Manish Raiji (guideline) [Ep 1 · 9:45](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/manish-raiji-md-2024-pediatric-bariatric-surgery-update-course-7965?t=585) - Most guidelines suggest no age limits for the performance of bariatric surgery. — Manish Raiji (guideline) [Ep 1 · 9:55](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/manish-raiji-md-2024-pediatric-bariatric-surgery-update-course-7965?t=595) - Children with intellectual and developmental delays are 1.5 to 2 times more likely to have obesity because of medications, behavioral issues, and dietary issues. — Manish Raiji (epidemiological) [Ep 1 · 10:05](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/manish-raiji-md-2024-pediatric-bariatric-surgery-update-course-7965?t=605) - Bariatric surgery should be thought of as a very effective strategy and more as a primary therapy rather than an endpoint to a spectrum of failed other options. — Manish Raiji (opinion) [Ep 1 · 10:52](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/manish-raiji-md-2024-pediatric-bariatric-surgery-update-course-7965?t=652) - Obesity disproportionately affects vulnerable populations that don't have the same kind of insurance access. (epidemiological) [Ep 1 · 12:15](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/manish-raiji-md-2024-pediatric-bariatric-surgery-update-course-7965?t=735) - Addressing disparities in bariatric surgery access involves state and federal level advocacy. — Manish Raiji (opinion) [Ep 1 · 12:33](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/manish-raiji-md-2024-pediatric-bariatric-surgery-update-course-7965?t=753) - The societal bias that obesity is a personal choice is the first barrier that leads people not to seek any kind of care or treatment. — Karen (opinion) [Ep 1 · 12:41](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/manish-raiji-md-2024-pediatric-bariatric-surgery-update-course-7965?t=761) - Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy for sleep apnea is only 35% effective in kids with obesity. (clinical) [Ep 1 · 14:22](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/manish-raiji-md-2024-pediatric-bariatric-surgery-update-course-7965?t=862) - A 17-year-old cancer patient has a lot of influence on the decisions being made for her, unlike a neonate who has no autonomy. — Manish Raiji (clinical) [Ep 1 · 3:20](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/manish-raiji-md-2024-pediatric-bariatric-surgery-update-course-7965?t=200) - The medical values of children as they become adults are influenced very heavily by their parents. — Manish Raiji (clinical) [Ep 1 · 4:40](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/manish-raiji-md-2024-pediatric-bariatric-surgery-update-course-7965?t=280) - Equity requires understanding barriers to medication compliance and surgical consent rather than assuming patients are forgetful or non-compliant. — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 3 · 0:04](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=4) - Equality means giving everyone the same opportunities and access, while equity means providing different resources based on individual circumstances to achieve optimal health. — Alexander Chiu (opinion) [Ep 3 · 4:36](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=276) - Current otolaryngology research focuses heavily on describing disparities (e.g., Black children have more severe sleep apnea and higher revision rates) but lacks intervention studies. — Romaine Johnson (epidemiological) [Ep 3 · 8:29](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=509) - At Children's Hospital Dallas, language barriers contributed to increased post-tonsillectomy emergency room visits and phone calls; tracking language preference and improving communication reduced these contacts. — Romaine Johnson (clinical) [Ep 3 · 9:18](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=558) - Data from 2012 shows African American Black patients consent less to head and neck cancer surgery and have poorer outcomes when case-controlled for tumor staging. — Alexander Chiu (epidemiological) [Ep 3 · 10:40](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=640) - There is substantial literature describing health disparities on an individual basis but almost no literature on interventions, particularly at the community or society level. — Alexander Chiu (opinion) [Ep 3 · 11:25](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=685) - The Health Equity Collaborative was founded in February 2022 and has grown to include approximately 20 academic programs. — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 3 · 12:07](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=727) - Many prolific health disparities researchers work at institutions that do not serve the patient populations they study. — Alexander Chiu (opinion) [Ep 3 · 12:32](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=752) - The collaborative's initial focus is on agreeing on data metrics and implementing them at member institutions before moving to intervention studies. — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 3 · 13:39](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=819) - High-impact journals are reluctant to publish qualitative research studies despite their importance in understanding patient and trainee experiences. — Romaine Johnson (opinion) [Ep 3 · 14:32](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=872) - Qualitative research using structured interviews and theme extraction is difficult and requires significant discipline and talent. — Alexander Chiu (opinion) [Ep 3 · 15:06](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=906) - Mixed methodology papers that combine qualitative interviews with objective metrics were developed partly to satisfy editors who want hard data. — Alexander Chiu (opinion) [Ep 3 · 15:46](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=946) - Structured interview questions used in residency applicant selection parallel qualitative research methods and can predict resident performance better than board scores or letters. — Romaine Johnson (opinion) [Ep 3 · 16:56](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1016) - Research on families caring for children with disabilities rarely includes qualitative data from caregivers, yet understanding caregiver impact may affect child health outcomes more than prescribed medications. — Romaine Johnson (opinion) [Ep 3 · 17:50](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1070) - Community participatory research requires talking to patients to understand what they want from research and how it will impact them locally. — Alexander Chiu (opinion) [Ep 3 · 18:17](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1097) - The collaborative initially paid participants for their time and provided elaborate meals but found this approach was not effective for sustained engagement. — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 3 · 19:01](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1141) - The American Academy of Otolaryngology received a grant from GSK to fund a core award for health disparities studies over the next three years. — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 3 · 19:27](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1167) - The collaborative includes representation from various academic levels including department chairs, professors, medical students, and advanced practice providers. — Romaine Johnson (clinical) [Ep 3 · 21:33](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1293) - The collaborative plans to hold one large annual meeting at the American Academy meeting and conduct regular Zoom calls between meetings. — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 3 · 22:11](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1331) - Developing good SMART objectives (specific, measurable, in time) for equity work is challenging and progress can be slow, taking nine months to achieve initial concrete outcomes. — Romaine Johnson (opinion) [Ep 3 · 23:31](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1411) - The collaborative has two main initial focuses: research and professional identity/recruitment of underrepresented minorities into otolaryngology. — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 3 · 25:42](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1542) - Orthopedic surgery's 'Nth Dimension' program has been more successful than otolaryngology efforts at recruiting people of color over the past five years. — Alexander Chiu (epidemiological) [Ep 3 · 25:54](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1554) - The collaborative is considering developing anti-racism curricula and equity education tailored specifically to otolaryngology for residents and medical students. — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 3 · 26:31](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1591) - Otolaryngology has the least representation of underrepresented minorities among medical specialties. — Alexander Chiu (epidemiological) [Ep 3 · 29:10](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1750) - Faculty demographics and community poverty rates influence how otolaryngologists prioritize equity in patient care; Kansas (low poverty) versus Tucson, Arizona (33% poverty rate) produce different clinical mindsets. — Alexander Chiu (opinion) [Ep 3 · 29:53](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1793) - Equity work has changed clinical practice by increasing patience and understanding in consent processes, particularly when exploring reasons for medication non-compliance or surgical hesitation. — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 3 · 31:33](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1893) - Public health departments and population health groups at academic medical centers have more developed expertise in equity research than otolaryngology and can serve as local resources. — Alexander Chiu (opinion) [Ep 3 · 33:09](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1989) - HPV vaccine uptake in otolaryngology (relevant to laryngeal papillomas and head/neck cancer prevention) lacks rigorous interventional studies despite frequent discussion. — Alexander Chiu (opinion) [Ep 3 · 33:42](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=2022) ## Host summaries Recaps by a host of what the experts said — not the host's own clinical position. - African American black patients consent less to surgery for head and neck cancer and have poorer outcomes when case-controlled for tumor staging, based on data published in 2012. — Alex Chiu summarizes what Dr. Romaine Johnson said [Ep 2 · 10:48](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=648) - Caregiver research for medically complex conditions is woefully understudied despite its potential impact on patient outcomes. — Gopi Shaw summarizing the discussion [Ep 2 · 7:59](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=479) - Research shows that individuals who achieve elite status tend to become more interested in maintaining that status over time rather than maintaining their original idealistic goals. — Romaine Johnson summarizes what Dr. Alex Chiu said [Ep 2 · 37:15](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-po-13230?t=2235) - Clinical practice guidelines intend to offer bariatric therapy when it's available, not when everything else has been tried. — The host summarizing the discussion [Ep 1 · 11:15](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/manish-raiji-md-2024-pediatric-bariatric-surgery-update-course-7965?t=675) - Bariatric surgery is a safe procedure in children and is certainly safer than not operating on them. — The host summarizing the discussion [Ep 1 · 12:00](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/manish-raiji-md-2024-pediatric-bariatric-surgery-update-course-7965?t=720) - Bariatric procedures are safe in children and the outcomes are excellent for them. — Manish Raiji summarizing the discussion [Ep 1 · 7:00](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/manish-raiji-md-2024-pediatric-bariatric-surgery-update-course-7965?t=420) - The American Board of Otolaryngology is interested in questions of professionalism, judgment, and justice as part of continuing certification beyond traditional exam formats. — Romaine Johnson summarizes what Dr. Alexander Chiu said [Ep 3 · 27:43](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=1663) - Research on elite achievers shows they become more interested in maintaining elite status over time rather than maintaining initial idealistic goals. — Romaine Johnson summarizes what Dr. Alexander Chiu said [Ep 3 · 37:07](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=2227) - Law school students who were idealistic and rose to the top of their class became more interested in being elite over time rather than maintaining their original values. — Romaine Johnson summarizes what Dr. Alexander Chiu said [Ep 3 · 37:22](https://qa.library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-j-13236?t=2242) --- Educational content from recorded physician discussions — not medical advice. 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