Intestinal Rehab
Medical management of NEC includes withholding feeds, orogastric tube decompression, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and serial monitoring (exams, labs, x-rays). — Gail Besner, Stay Current Throwbacks Necrotizing Enterocolitis with Dr. Gail Besner · 11:01
There is no good data that allows prediction of renal injury at gestational ages of 26 or 28 weeks using the established electrolyte cutoffs. — Mark, Overview of Prenatal Diagnosis: Cincinnati Fetal Center · 27:51
The downside of Blake tubes is that they cannot be changed over a wire like JP drains with side holes; the ideal tube would be a Blake with a central hole for wire passage. — Michael Helmrath, Intestinal Rehabilitation, Episode 2: Overwhelming intestinal damage, Part 2 · 14:59
The new GERD guidelines (joint North America and Europe) recommend treating with PPI for 2 months then attempting to wean, with goal of weaning twice yearly. — Rachel Rosen, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease · 43:42
The current ASPEN guidelines define enteral autonomy as independence from parenteral support for 12 weeks with maintenance of adequate growth and hydration during that time period. — Paul Wales, Intestinal Rehabilitation, Episode 3: Enteral Autonomy, Part 1 · 6:39
Surgical management of gastroschisis focuses on safe viscera reduction, identifying and treating associated defects (atresia, perforation), closure of the defect, early recognition of complications, and nutritional support. — Joyce, Gastroschisis: Advanced Practice Providers · 7:47
A 2021 JPN publication defined cholestasis as conjugated bilirubin around 2 mg/dL or 34 micromoles/L for 2 weeks, not associated with a septic event. — Paul Wales, Intestinal Rehabilitation, Episode 6: Cholestasis · 1:20
Current ATLS protocols recommend initial bolus with normal saline or crystalloid solution before moving to blood products in pediatric trauma. — Todd Ponsky, Update Course 2021: TOP PUBLICATIONS IN NON - PED SURG JOURNALS · 19:40
Current standard for bilateral Wilms tumor is to start chemotherapy without biopsy, typically 2 cycles, and continue until tumor shrinkage plateaus (defined as less than 50% size reduction) — Tony Sandler, Compiled Sandler Rapid Fire Sessions: Update Course 2015 · 1:32
Patients should be referred to intestinal rehabilitation programs when not making progress, on prolonged TPN, or have significant comorbidities, preferably sooner rather than later. — Stephanie Oliveira, Advancements in Pediatric Intestinal Failure: Innovative Therapies and Improved Outcomes · 4:19
Once released from the cell, extracellular CIRP acts as a DAMP by enhancing the release of cytokines and chemokines and amplifying the inflammatory cascade — Colleen Nofi, Dr. Colleen Nofi - Best of the Best in Pediatric Surgery 2025 · 1:19
Patients who transitioned to adult care had a significantly higher mortality rate of 33% compared to 5% among those who stayed in pediatric care — Julian Goddard, Care transition from a pediatric intestinal rehabilitation program to adult care and the risk of all-cause mortality: A retrospective cohort study · 0:29
Teduglutide is given once daily by subcutaneous injection. It is a GLP-2 analog with a 2-hour half-life. Monitoring guidance is limited: the FDA recommends checking electrolytes and complete blood counts to screen for anemia, though no formal long-term monitoring protocol exists from major organizations. Clinical outcomes tracked include reduction in TPN requirements—approximately 1–2 liters per week in adults, or 40% reduction in fluid and calorie needs over 6 months.
Dr. Wales defined intestinal failure as a functional problem where gut function is insufficient to absorb enough nutrients, fluids, and calories to support survival and, in children, growth. He noted that until recently there was no standardized definition for the condition. Patients presenting to intestinal rehabilitation programs have intestinal failure, which can be divided into three categories of causes. Some patients present with elements of two or all three categories simultaneously.
Todd Ponsky hosted the intestinal rehabilitation series at Cincinnati Children's Hospital alongside Rod Gerardo and Ellen Encisco, beginning in 2021. He and Brian Modi noted that children with intestinal failure might be slightly short statured but are not severely undersized compared to the general population, while also observing a high incidence of short stature in chronic intestinal failure.
Experts disagree on management of atresia in gastroschisis: whether to repair at initial closure, create stomas, or delay repair. Evidence for mucous fistula refeeding is not strong. Additionally, there is disagreement on bowel resection philosophy: some experts advocate resecting all damaged bowel, while intestinal rehabilitation specialists at Cincinnati Children's challenge this, arguing that understanding physiology may allow bowel regeneration and recovery without complete resection.
- Enteral autonomy is achieved in 43% of intestinal failure patients; necrotizing enterocolitis diagnosis and ileocecal valve presence predict better outcomes. [e929-c24][e929-c25]
- Breast milk promotes adaptation via growth factors and oligosaccharides; lipid restriction to 1 g/kg/day reduces cholestasis to <5%. [e296-c15][e927-c16][e1036-c22]
- Ethanol locks reduced catheter infections from 12 to <2 per 1000 catheter-days; teduglutide reduces adult TPN by 20% in 60-70%. [e1036-c8][e296-c35][e1035-c12]
